Network protocols are a set of rules and conventions that dictate how data is transmitted, received, and processed over a network. They are essential for enabling communication between devices and ensuring that data is exchanged reliably and efficiently. Network protocols exist at various layers of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model, a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven distinct layers. Let's explore some of the key aspects of network protocols:
The OSI model is a conceptual framework that divides network communication into seven layers. Each layer has its own specific functions and protocols. These layers, from top to bottom, are:
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol):
HTTPS (HTTP Secure): A secure version of HTTP that encrypts data between the server and the client.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used for transferring files over a network.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Used for sending email messages.
Websockets : Used for chatting applications
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Provides reliable, connection-oriented communication.
IP (Internet Protocol): Routes data packets between devices on a network.
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol): Maps IP addresses to physical MAC addresses.
DNS (Domain Name System): Resolves domain names to IP addresses.